For More Learning

• Tendon Xanthoma In Familial Hypercholesterolemia - A Clinical And Ultrasonographic Study. A P K Tan, F L Thoo, P Y Cheong
• Hyperlipoproteinaemia, GE Health Care Bio-Sciences
• The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy, Dislipidemia (Hyperlipidemia)
• The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy, Tendinitis And Tenosynovitis
• Atherosclerosis – A Story of Cells, Cholesterol, and Clots
  John R. Guyton, M.D.
• Perspectives in Cholesterol-Lowering Therapy; The Role of Ezetimibe, a New Selective Inhibitor of Intestinal Cholesterol Absorption Eric Bruckert, MD; Philippe Giral, MD; Philippe Tellier, MD
• Good Fat vs. Bad Fat, Maggie Greenwood-Robinson, Ph.D. Berkley Books
• Cholesterol Center at The Jewish Hospital, Cincinnati, Research and Studies, Dr. Charles J. Glueck, Director
• Stanol/Sterol EsterContaining Foods and Blood Cholesterol Levels, Alice H. Lichtenstein, DSc; Richard J. Deckelbaum, MD
• The ’National Library of Medicines PubMed, a searchable index of biomedical articles back to the 1950's from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. The problem is that the full text of the article is rarely available, or only available by purchase or subscription.

I have included several interesting and relevant abstracts here:

1: JAMA. 1968 Dec 23;206(13):2895-7.

Related Articles

Acute tendinitis and arthritis. A presenting symptom of familial type II hyperlipoproteinemia.

Glueck CJ, Levy RI, Frederickson DS.
PMID: 4972626 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Clin Rheumatol. 1986 Jan;5(1):75-9.

Related Articles

Hyperlipidemias and rheumatic manifestations.

Fishel B, Rosenbach TO, Yaron M, Rubinstein A.

There is an increased incidence of arthritides and tendinitis in patients with hyperlipidemias, especially types II and IV. The mechanism responsible for these manifestations is at present not known. It is important to recognize this association and to test plasma lipid levels in any case of arthritis which does not fit into one of the well-established diagnostic entities.

PMID: 3485501 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

1: Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2000 Sep;14(3):595-8.

Related Articles

Rheumatic manifestations of hyperlipidaemia.

Handel ML, Simons L.

Arthritis and Inflammation Research Programme, University of New South Wales, Australia.

Familial hypercholesterolaemia is characterized by elevated serum cholesterol, tendon xanthomas, xanthelasmas, arcus corneae and premature atherosclerosis. Rheumatological manifestations include acute episodes of polyarthritis and tendinitis. Patients who are homozygous for familial hypercholesterolaemia have cardiovascular and rheumatological manifestations more frequently and at an earlier age than patients who are heterozygous.

PMID: 10985988 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

1: Sem Hop. 1977 Apr 9-16;53(14-15):813-22.

Related Articles

[Hyperlipemias and their manifestations in the rheumatological sphere]
Rondier J, Cayla J, Roux H, Turpin G.

It is fairly frequent to encounter hyperlipemia on a rheumatic unit. Firstly the symptoms of certain idiopathic hyperlipemias sometimes include rheumatic changes. The latter include firstly, arthritis and tendinitis, above all observed in Type II hyperlipoproteinemia but also mentionned in Type IV, and secondly, exceptional bony lesions (generally of xanthoma type) which seem to occur exclusively in severe hyperglyceridemia. A few bone and joint diseases, such as gout or aseptic necrosis, frequently coexist with dyslipemia. Furthermore, various diseases may be simultaneously responsible for secondary hyperlipemia and involvement of the locomotor apparatus. Finally, the iatrogenic manifestations of the locomotor system appear mainly due to hypolipemic drugs, e.g. the muscle disorders seen in a few patients treated with clofibrate.

PMID: 194331 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

1: Ann Acad Med Singapore. 1998 Jan;27(1):89-92.

Related Articles

Lipid disorders and rheumatic diseases.

Leong KH.

Gleneagles Medical Centre, Singapore.

Lipid abnormalities can exist in patients with rheumatic diseases. Many mechanisms give rise to these abnormalities and include treatment with corticosteroids and upregulation of certain cytokines in active rheumatic disease. Premature atherosclerosis can occur in these patients with significant morbidity and mortality. Greater awareness and earlier treatment of these lipid problems may lead to better outcomes.

PMID: 9588281 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

1: J Rheumatol. 1989 May;16(5):703-5.

Related Articles

Hypercholesterolemic (type II hyperlipoproteinemic) arthritis.

Rimon D, Cohen L.

Department of Internal Medicine B, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Lady Davis Carmel Hospital, Haifa.

The rheumatic manifestations of familial hypercholesterolemia include recurrent Achilles pain or tendinitis, acute mono/oligoarthritis and migratory (rheumatic fever-like) polyarthritis. Diagnosis is made by finding skin and tendon xanthomas, hypercholesterolemia, and ruling out other rheumatic conditions such as rheumatic fever, gout, pseudogout and septic arthritis. A patient, homozygous for familial hypercholesterolemia, with a rheumatic fever-like migratory arthritis is presented.

PMID: 2754674 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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